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Even if they are safe, not sure many people have at least a general idea of what type of insurance they need, when you start shopping for individual health, residents of Georgia are no different.
However, when it comes to individual health insurance companies may offer other types of reports that Georgia could benefit your situation, you or your dependents. Please note that none of these options are guaranteed. Availabilityvaries from carrier to carrier, as their prices.
individual needs and disability
Disability Insurance
Disability insurance generally offers the additional income, if you are not working because of illness or injury. Even if they receive individual health insurance health insurance, residents will receive an extra income from their disability insurance in Georgia.
Long-Term Care Insurance
In the long-term care insurance helps care costs, which are in acenter or skilled nursing care you receive at home by a nurse.
Cancer Insurance
Before leaving the health of people, often subject candidates concerned, Georgia is one of those things that you realize you do not want so bad until they actually need. Cancer Insurance is similar. It 'difficult if not impossible, to conclude, after being diagnosed with cancer.
Dental and Vision Insurance
Dental and vision insurance is difficultsimply because many people spend less money out of pocket visit dentists and opticians because they spend every year for dental insurance and vision.
If you or a family member or vision of dental problems that require frequent attention that this type of insurance you may qualify, otherwise you'll probably be less money if you decide to pay only for their own services portfolio.
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While Volume 1 covered the geometry of extra dimensions in detail, Volume 2 focuses on the physics of extra string-inspired dimensions. Consider the problem and solution of expressing the cross product in higher dimensions. See the effect that the extra flux of field lines has on Gauss?s law in higher dimensions. Explore how extra dimensions may be hidden via compactification. Discover the recent motivation for the case of extra dimensions that are much larger than originally predicted by st
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There are many people out there who really enjoy home improvement projects. It?s just great fun to make your house, town home or condo even better. By simply examining your home you can find a number of projects that really need to be done. You needn?t do everything all at once, which is great for those who must work with a budget. Making a plan of action is a good idea, then you can get started by doing the smallest and cheapest project first. We?ll be discussing a number of exterior home improvement ideas to get you into action.
People tend to consider their driveways as big project to complete. Driveways aren?t always that big a project, as there are many other projects that are a lot bigger. Of course, it all boils down to what you wish to do. Inspecting your driveway thoroughly is a good place to start. Large cracks should be looked for, because many things will require that the cracks are sealed. One ?trick? that many people do is get their driveways blacktopped. This involves a petroleum based coating being laid down on the driveway to give a nice black color. It will also mask any stains that may have been there, in addition to protecting your driveway against all types of weather.
Installing an aquarium that is recessed in a wall is another fun home improvement project. If you have never seen this, then they can look truly beautiful when they are done just right. And there?s nothing really difficult about this. The key to this project is where you choose to place it as you?ll need space behind the wall. Some people leave a small space behind the tank for easy access. It?s important to consider the lighting as well. There are special considerations involved if you want to run a saltwater reef tank.
Most people do not realize how incredibly difficult it is to install and in-ground swimming pool on their property. Although you might want to do this yourself, you will probably save yourself time and money by hiring someone else to do it. It is always good to talk with neighbors or friends that have had this done and ask them what their experience was with their company. In ground pools are often a featured attraction for most homes and should you decide to sell yours, it will be much more profitable. You really need to do your homework well, and be very sure you take your time with choosing the right installation crew.
When you do home improvement projects, you are accomplishing several things. First, you are adding value to your home and increasing assets. And your entire family can enjoy the final results of your improvements for years to come.
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Enhance business opportunities through Affiliate marketing
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Enhance business opportunities through Affiliate marketing
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Affiliate marketing is a practice in which individuals promote a business in exchange of sales or some specific amount. It is a method where websites sell your product to generate revenue or to get commission. Affiliate marketing helps you to grow your business, attracting more merchants and highlighting your presence in the market. It also helps in raising more revenue. Affiliate marketing is very cost effective form of advertising. Its main function is to create brands, promote them and to acquire new customers in the market. Affiliate marketing is a unique combination of offline PR and online technology.
The affiliate marketing works through the services of SEO Companies. SEO means search engine optimization. These companies work on promoting various websites through their services. They provide various services like content development, Pay per click advertising, Submission Services, Search engine submission, Strategic Networking and SEO packages.
Content of such companies is prepared by experts and various content writers under their guidance. They put certain key words in their content which generally people search for. They help in increasing ranks of these websites in various search engines. As well as these SEO Companies help in correct placing of the content in a correct form. These companies work on placing your website in their SEO in the World Wide Web.
These companies also have different packages for different business websites. These packages are SEO Beginners, SEO Essential, SEO Progressive and SEO Enterprise according to the level of the website. These services are given by the SEO companies. These companies act as a link between the customers and affiliates. They mainly perform affiliate marketing which helps in growth of any business or ant website on a good scale. Affiliate marketing is mainly about selling one?s product along with such services and getting commission in return.
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What exactly is Internet Affiliate Marketing and how does it work exactly?
Affiliate marketing techniques :I want to know it how one gets started actually doing affiliating..I already have affiliate products but I dont know how I shall start?
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Bulgaria might not be among the most famous European tourist destinations, but it is certainly has something to offer to every tourist and visitor. No matter which part of Bulgaria you choose to explore, you will to find what to do and see there.
Well not only is Bulgaria rich in history and a home of some of the oldest cities in Europe, it also offers some of the best weather in Europe, with hot summers reaching peaks of 45 degrees Celsius and white winter ski seasons.
Generally, the Black sea coast is divided into north and south. Among the most famous destinations along the northern coast are Albena, Balchik, Golden Sands, and Varna while the southern coast boasts resorts such as Sunny Beach, St.Vlas, Nessebur, etc.
The number of holiday villas and apartments in Bulgaria?s Black Sea resorts has increased substantially in the last 5 years.
Bulgaria?s tourism sector is also very well established and Bulgaria has recently proven to be one of the fastest growing tourist destinations on the old continent. The number of visitors coming to Bulgaria continues to grow tremendously. Moreover, the cost of living remains comparatively inexpensive in comparison to other European destinations.
If you plan a summer vacation in Bulgaria, then in the heat of summer there are the cool beaches of resorts like Balchik, Golden sands, and Varna. An advantage of the Black Sea Coast is that it has long soft sandy beaches; the sea is non-tidal, and less salty and much warmer than the Mediterranean.
Varna is the third largest city and as the locals call it, the summer capital of Bulgaria. Located on the northern coast of the Black Sea in a land with rich natural resources, Varna is one of the most famous summer resorts in Europe and the largest in the Black Sea region.
The climate and weather conditions are favorable for the development of industry, trade, tourism and communications. Varna is the perfect place for foreign investors wishing to further develop their activities in the Balkan region.
Varna International Airport is exclusively related to the economic situation of the region. The Airport serves tourist companies operating charter and scheduled flights to more than 35 destination and 101 cities across the globe. Besides the marine port, international airport and good rail and road connections, Varna also boasts one of the best telecommunication networks.
Balchik is a charming small town offering natural and man-made tourist attractions whose origins lie back in antiquity. It is located some 42km northeast of Varna, in a picturesque bay between white hills. The natural beauty of the place, ancient history and romantic atmosphere has always been an inspirational source for writer, poets, and artists. Since ancient times Balchik has been know as the town of lovers.
Zlatni Piasaci, meaning Golden Sands in Bulgarian, is a resort located about 25 km north of Varna International Airport and is known for its wide, which in places reaches 100 meters wide, and long beach covered with soft golden sand. According to an old legend, pirates buried a treasure on the coast north of Varna, which, as revenge, the Earth turned in wonderful gold sand.
Thanks to its natural beauty the resort is often referred as the pearl of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Wonderful climate, thick green forests surrounding the resort, and healthy hot springs, calm and clean sea water that, and much more, is Golden Sands.
When the night comes Golden Sands wakes up for an endless fiesta of light, sound and night entertainment. Exotic show programs, exquisite cuisine and fine drinks ? all this will inspire you to party.
Slot machines, roulette, black jack and many more games of luck will trigger your gambling spirit which you may have not expected to exist.
If dancing is your passion, modern nightclubs along the beach await you. To end the night you can have a cocktail at one of the numerous bars on the beach.
Many expatriates gave chosen Bulgaria and the north coast, in particular, as their second home. What attracts them is the mild climate, safe sea, relatively low cost of living and low prices, as well as the unique historical and cultural heritage of Bulgaria and last but not least the hospitality of the friendly Bulgarians.
To sum it up, Bulgaria is a peaceful, trouble free and law abiding country with welcoming, friendly, and warm people.
The author is an owner of site that provides Bouras holiday rentals it is a good page to turn on if you are wondering to visit in Bulgaria, if you are intrested in other holiday rental destinations please go over to the site
Save this article as PDF file ---->Source: http://articlefulltime.com/bulgaria-ancient-and-modern/
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Many people who enjoy life in the Pacific Northwest rarely think about pest control problems. With the absence of serious termite issues or a multitude of poisonous pests, Ant Control is thought of as something that any novice can do with a simple trip to the home improvement store. Pest control companies however, will tell you a different story. Day after day they see homes where pests such as rats, mice, carpenter ants and bed begs have done thousands of dollars in monetary damage. ?The ignorance of the consumer is really what costs them the most money? says Bill Sanders, general manager of Green Choice Pest Control. ?Of the hundreds of dollars spent in home remedies, a free inspection from one of the many companies in this area could nip many of these issues in the bud? he continues. It?s said that an once of prevention is worth a pound of cure. In the Portland pest control market that saying seems to ring truer than ever.
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Alberta Health extends coverage for eye diseases ? Calgary Herald
Alberta Health extends coverage for eye diseases Calgary Herald Since October 2007, Albertans between 19 and 64 who needed treatment for eye-related diseases were covered under the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan. Those under 65 and older or 18 and younger had to have the treatments covered by a combination of ? |
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Spring Snow Bears Down On Region; Rain Likely For Bostonmajor drug ring operating in the area. Gov. Deval Patrick said he is sick of hearing ?excuses? from health insurance companies for why they can?t lower premiums, but he?s stopping short of directly criticizing not-for-profit insurers that pay their board
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VoIP service providers are companies that supply VoIP communication. VoIP communication refers to the exchange of voice communication data using the Internet.Making and accepting of calls are done through the aid of a broadband Internet connection. This process of handling voice communication data makes VoIP phone systems different from plain old phones that utilize telephone lines and phone networks. The difference of employing the Internet from traditional phone lines when handing out communication information is that everything is done at a faster speed and with less problems. Since its communication lines are always open and are not affected by a variety of factors as what happens in traditional phone systems, VoIP phone systems allow you to accept and transmit calls without any setbacks.
From the beginning, the telecommunication capabilities that are obtained from VoIP service providers did not differ much from what traditional phone companies presented. Both were able to process voice communication operations and nothing more. But as the scope of the Internet increased and as enhancements was made in the field of VoIP communications, it has become doable for a VoIP phone system to accept and respond to voicemail and fax transmissions. The upgrades that were done made faxing and professional greeting message services available in VoIP communication. This provided VoIP communication a large benefit over traditional phones that are still stuck into processing a single means of communication application.
Because VoIP phone system is very controllable, communication hassles will also be lowered when you employ it. You do not need to be skilled in Internet communication to be able to manage VoIP communication. Managing a communication system supplied by VoIP service providers will be an easy task as long as you are familiar with sending and receiving of email messages. Using an email or an online account, calls, messages, voicemails and fax documents are all sent and received. This helps you trim down your expenses in communication since exchanging of communication data via the Internet is always charged as a local transaction. This means that you will never incur heavy long distance communication expenditures even if you had a communication transaction with an offshore customer.
The VoIP phone system of VoIP service providers is also usable outside of your office, giving you more range and mobility in communication. Limitations in communication are wiped out when you are utilizing the phone system of a VoIP service provider. You need not be in your office all the time to ensure that you will receive all the calls. A VoIP service provider will allow you to use smart phones and laptops as extensions of your company?s communication system. When you use the phone system of a VoIP service provider, exchanging of information with customers and workers outside of your office becomes a feasible option.
This adaptability in communication acquired from VoIP service providers will offer noteworthy edge to businesses that hardly stay in a certain area. Mobile companies and entrepreneurs that do their business on the road will always have the capability to stay in touch with clients in spite of their current location through the aid of VoIP phone system.
Read more phone system articles and information via our website. Cloud pbx phone system provides many communication benefits for your business.It is best to know them and compare which phone system provider best suit your needs.
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Author: Tom Hopkins ? | ? May 27th, 2011
What do you think of when you hear the phrase, ?closing the sale,? what comes to mind?
Force? Intimidation? ?Persuasion?
To me ?closing the sale? means? helping someone make a good decision. The key words here are ?good.? If you plan to be in sales for any length of time, you?d better get a handle on that point. The superstars in this industry understand that they?re serving a need?to help people make decisions that are truly good for them.
But, in order to get to the point where you can help a potential client, you have to have the ability to get them to like you and trust you. If they like you and trust you, they won?t fight the small business sales process. But, if they don?t like you and trust you, not only will the strategies not work, they?ll backfire and your clients will feel you are getting pushy. The balance you must achieve is to radiate empathy, while being able to call for a decision and close the sale.
Top small business salespeople have confidence. Have you ever lacked confidence? Have you ever been wary of meeting new people? Overcome this by learning certain phrases, learning to ask the right questions. By doing this we build our confidence?just by using the words and making them our own.
If you had to describe the greatest selling tool, what would you say?
That word is Enthusiasm?enthusiasm for what you do. I don?t mean the type of enthusiasm that is outward, bubbly, ranting and raving?but the enthusiasm that you have inside of you for the product you represent.
To have enthusiasm, close your small business sales and be successful in selling you have to live by the four Ps.
Pre-plan - preplan every presentation. ?Before you meet your clients, preplan. Before you demonstrate a product, preplan. Before you handle an ad call, preplan. All professionals preplan?they don?t wing it! They don?t just get in front of a qualified decision maker and start talking. They know exactly where they are going and have their strategies and techniques planned out in advance.
The second P is Practice. There are many people who practice what doesn?t work. They hear and watch an incompetent salesperson not recognizing the incompetence, and they start doing the same thing. The key is to find a professional who has done what you want to do, set your goal to practice what he or she does and then perfect it. And that?s the next P.
You should always be seeking ways to Perfect what you do. If at any point you feel you know it all, you?re in trouble. ?The more you know, the more you need to know. It?s just like your income.
As you sell more and increase your income and expand your clientele, you?re going to need to increase your knowledge level, too. Remember, there is always a better way of saying and doing things. Don?t let yourself to plateau.
The last P is Performance. You?re constantly putting on a performance. This doesn?t mean phony. It means saying the right words the right way to get the end result that is in the best interest of your clients.
So, when you talk on the phone, when you meet people in your store or showroom, when you go on a test drive, it?s a performance. Everything you say and do is part of it.
Become a student of selling, study the four P?s I have listed above, watch what the professionals are doing, and search for new techniques and you?ll find you are closing more small business sales!
?
Source: http://www.marketingforsuccess.com/blog/sales/closing-small-business-sales/
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When we were trying to find the right set of kitchen cabinets for our home we did not know where to begin. We spent hours driving around to the different home improvement stores trying to find cabinets that we liked and that fit our style. We finally figured out that we should probably just hire a professional contractor to come in and do the design and installation of the cabinets. We have been very happy with our decision and love our kitchen.
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Which Investment Club Should You Join? Is it a Safe Stock Market Investment Club?
Which Investment Club Should You Join? Is it a Safe Stock Market Investment Club?
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Which Investment Club Should You Join? Is it a Safe Stock Market Investment Club?
By: Jimmy Cox
Posted: Mar 30, 2006
Views: 622
Would you join a safe stock market investment club where you met regularly with friends to have a good time, learn something, and hopefully make some money? If you said yes to that statement, you might want to consider joining, or starting your own, investment club.
An investment club is simply a group of people who share an interest in the stock market pooling their resources into one large investment. Investment clubs are long-term commitments. They are a wonderful way to get to know the stock market, have a good time, and, over time, make some money. But making money should not be the primary reason to join an investment club ? since investing is always, even in a shared setting, a risky venture.
Generally, an investment club has between 10 and 40 members, though many seem to settle around 16 as a good number. Decisions on investing are made democratically, either in a one person, one vote fashion; or with weighted votes, where each person`s voting strength is determined by the amount they have invested in the safe stock market investment club. Safe Stock Market Investment Clubs can be partnerships, or corporations, though partnerships are more common. They can meet monthly, or twice monthly. They set up different committees, they research stocks in different ways, they each have their own investment goals.
Investment clubs are as individual as the investors that make them up. What they have in common is a desire to get to know the ins and outs of the stock market. To come together with like-minded people to realize more from your investment capital, over the long-term, and to enjoy yourself while you are doing it.
Enjoyment is a key part of an investment club. If you`re not having fun while you are participating in the safe stock market investment club, it`s probably not the safe stock market investment club for you. And it should go without saying that if you are looking to make a quick profit, an investment club is not the place to be.
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Unfortunately, it`s often difficult to join an established investment club. Many of them have been operating for years, even decades, with the same members and they aren`t likely to grow. Which leaves many hopeful club members with the option of starting their own safe stock market investment club. This is a great option, but it should be considered carefully. Make sure that you fully understand what needs to happen for your safe stock market investment club to be successful, and be sure you are starting for the right reasons. Here are a few points you might want to consider:
.
Are you being realistic?
If you`re starting an investment club to make a large profit in the stock market, you`ll likely become very disappointed. The goal of an investment club is to learn more about the stock market, and to have fun. If you have dreams of becoming rich you`ll be starting the safe stock market investment club for the wrong reasons. Remember, joining an investment club means joining for a long period of time.
Are you willing to be an amateur?
Starting an investment club won`t make you an expert in the stock market overnight. In fact, an investment club is ideal for a group of amateurs who want to learn about how the stock market works and what it can do for them. An investment club is a safe environment in which you can invest without the worry of losing a large amount of your hard earned dollars when something unexpected happens.
You can start with a little.
Don`t think that you need a lot of money to start an investment club. You can set a minimal fee for each month`s contribution that will fit into your budget. You can determine what that minimum monthly contribution should be when you have your first meeting of the investment club.
There is strength in numbers.
On your own you may not have enough money to invest in the stock market in a way that will let you realize a reasonable profit. However, when you combine your investment dollars with the dollars of others in the safe stock market investment club you`ll have a significant amount of money to invest in the stocks that you think may be successful. Keep in mind that just as there is strength in numbers there is also a shared sense of security when you`re not investing alone.
Do you like democracy?
One thing that you should keep in mind is that your voice will be part of the larger group and you may not always get your way. If you`re unable to sit back when you`ve been outvoted on a favourite stock, and let another investment choice be made, then an investment club might not be for you.
Can you be satisfied with a learning experience?
You should be prepared to never realize a profit from the stock market. One of the key parts of an investment club is the benefit of studying the stock market with other people with the same interests as yourself. If you never make a penny you should still be happy with your participation as part of an investment group.
Investment clubs are great ways to get to know the stock market in a safe, supportive, and fun environment. Starting your own investment club will make sure that you have a safe stock market investment club that will closely reflect your interests, though there will be compromises in any group setting. Friends, fun, a chance to study something you are keenly interested in, and a chance to make money. An investment club can be the best of all worlds.
Jimmy Cox ? About the Author:
Who Else Wants To Learn A Simple, Step-By-Step System For Generating Quick & Easy Profits, Trading Forex? ? FREE FOR A LIMITED TIME ? http://www.forextradingstrategies.org
Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/investing-articles/which-investment-club-should-you-join-is-it-a-safe-stock-market-investment-club-20384.html
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Anyone who has ever gone through a power blackout knows how annoying and boring it may be. You no longer have access to stuff you once took for granted, resembling hot water, gaming systems and TV. When you've got children they will add to your stress levels by unintentionally irritating you in an attempt to entertain themselves.
Have fun playing multitudes of hair games and fishing games all day!
Luckily for you there are a few simple and straightforward solutions to your boredom and that of your children. they will likewise provide several hours of special quality time for your family and could turn what was at first thought of as a catastrophic occasion into fond memories.
1. There are various enjoyable versatile games that can be saved to you laptop computer without charge. If you keep your battery charged you will be equipped with hours of entertainment at your fingertips! There is certain to be one thing accessible for each single member of your family unit; from battle games for the man of the house, to action games and RPG games for your children.
2. Additionally {it would|it might be clever to have a few board games handy for the occasion. There are various educational board games like for example scrabble which can keep your mind's lively and possibly may further your kid's vocabulary if each player defines the word they submit.
3. There is also always a load to do all through a power outage that does not essentially involve entertainment. If the electricity goes off in the cold winter season it may possibly put your neighborhood in a dangerous situation, specifically for citizens who're elderly of sick. By investigating what your family can do to assist those in need you will instill a caring attitude in your household and make a positive difference in the lives of others.
In case of a power black out; always be prepared to entertain your family with a few free downloadable games and enjoyable board. Remember to charge your lap top battery as you will not have access to a functioning electrical outlet. In the event you follow these few tips will probably be well worth your while!
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Michael Makovsky, a former energy market analyst at investment firms, is Foreign Policy Director of the Bipartisan Policy Center and director of its Meeting the Challenge series on U.S. policy toward Iran.
Politicians in Washington are grappling with how to address rising gasoline prices, but most of their answers ? from repealing tax breaks for oil companies to expanding offshore drilling ? are unlikely to make much of a difference any time soon. The Arab awakening, coupled with Iran's accelerated pursuit of nuclear weapons, ensures that energy prices will likely remain elevated for a long time. In the near- and long-term, those events are leading to less energy produced and exported from the Middle East and North Africa than there otherwise would be, as well as greater risk to their transport. Among the more important things the United States could do to arrest this course of events and improve the global economy is lend its fullest support to restoring Iraq's oil industry.
The most immediate and direct threat to oil supply is the turmoil occurring in oil-exporting nations. The countries that have experienced the most upheaval ? Libya, Syria and Yemen ? are relatively small energy players. In 2010 they collectively produced about 2.3 million barrels per day and exported approximately 1.5 million barrels per day, or less than 2 percent of the 86.7 million barrels per day that were consumed globally. Libya, however, produces a high quality variety of oil for which there is no spare global production capacity, and therefore its drop-off in production has contributed to a boost to prices.
The Arab unrest also means the transit of oil has become more risky, thereby increasing prices still further. There are three key chokepoints in the region: the Strait of Hormuz, through which 17 million barrels per day, or one-third of the global oil trade, passes; the Suez Canal and Sumed Pipeline in Egypt, through which 3 to 4 million barrels per day pass; and Bab el-Mandeb, between Yemen on one side and Somalia, Djiboutiand Eritrea on the other, through which over 3 million barrels per day pass. In Egypt, the breakdown of authority has already led to attacks on the natural gas pipeline in the Sinai, which feeds Israel and Jordan. The most threatened chokepoint in the near-term, however, remains Bab al-Mendeb. Despite hundreds of millions of dollars in U.S. military assistance to Yemen, pirate attacks off the Yemeni and Somali coast remain frequent. And if Yemen slides into even greater chaos, oil tankers in the region will be further endangered.
We must expect that the Arab upheaval will percolate and occasionally erupt over many years. That is because the turmoil is the result, in part, of structural factors: Many of the states are not cohesive nations, but artificial constructs, and almost all have experienced demographic booms resulting in legions of unemployed young people. More immediately, there are various local factors at play, including, depending on the country, authoritarianism, corruption, lack of economic development, sectarianism, secessionismand religious extremism. Clearly, these issues will not all be resolved in the near-term.
Moreover, we should also expect, as energy analyst Edward Morse has argued, that the energy-exporting countries that experience conflict will not restore their energy production to pre-conflict levels anytime soon. Such has been the case in recent decades: Iran's current oil production is only about 60 percent of its peak output under the Shah in 1974; Iraq's output is only 77 percent of its 1979 peak, the year before the Iran-Iraq war began Iraq's economic spiral; Venezuela's production is only about 69 percent of the pre-Hugo Chavez peak in 1998; and Russia's output is 87 percent of the 1987 Soviet-era peak. Of course, each of these countries has distinct reasons for its output problems ? including wars, breakdown in government controls and security, and political interference ? but overall, the pattern remains clear: Political turmoil often leads to long-term declines in a country's energy sector.
Finally, whatever challenges the Arab upheaval presents, it is Iran's nuclear development that poses the greatest strategic threat to the United States and will perhaps have the greatest impact on the oil market. According to the research of Blaise Misztal, Associate Director of Foreign Policy at the Bipartisan Policy Center, Iran has overcome delays caused by the Stuxnet virus and has raised the efficiency and output of its antiquated centrifuges by over 50 percent in the last year, getting awfully close to developing nuclear weapons capability. Aiding the Iranian nuclear effort has been the spike in oil prices. About half of Iran's state revenue derives from oil exports, and because international sanctions and other factors have caused its oil production to decline about 17 percent over the last three years, it can only increase revenue through higher oil prices. No single non-military factor would likely limit Iran's revenue and therefore hinder its nuclear program as much as low oil prices.
A nuclear Iran would further embolden the agitated Shia populations in Bahrain and oil-rich Saudi Arabia. Some oil-producing neighbors would likely feel compelled to accommodate Iran's desperate need for higher oil prices by agreeing to scale down their production. Such a scenario also has the potential to set off a proliferation cascade across the Middle East, radicalize the region, end hope for an Arab-Israel peace, allow nuclear materials to reach Iran's terrorist alliesand perhaps back up the country's threats to destroy Israel. As these developments play out over months and years, a significant conflict in the Middle East, possibly involving the United States, will become more likely, and the region's long-term oil supply unreliable. The net result will be soaring oil prices.
Over the past three decades, whenever there was a major disruption of supply, the United States could often count on Saudi Arabia to utilize some of its spare oil production capacity, sometimes after some pleading. This not only benefitted the U.S. and the global economy, but it also offered the Saudis significant extra revenue and geopolitical leverage, with an added bonus of precluding the development of alternative fuels that would compete long-term with its ample oil reserves. But this time around, after suggesting in late February that they would make up for any supply shortfall from Libya, the Saudis declared in April that they actually reduced oil production. Riyadh claimed it was because the market was sufficiently supplied. Experts differ on what Saudi production actually has been in recent months and why it made the April statement. Lawrence Goldstein, a leading energy expert, argues that the Saudis were responding to market conditions, but he acknowledges that the Saudis' unusual April declaration certainly invited the perception of a possible political motivation. Indeed, it has been widely reported that the Saudis have been furious at the Obama administration's public calls for Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak to step down, its warnings to the Bahraini and Saudi governments not to forcibly repress demonstrations, and for other U.S. policies that the Saudis perceive to have undercut their security.
Regardless of the April incident, the Saudis now have other reasons for not wanting to tamp down oil prices. Fearful of further domestic turmoil, major oil-exporting regimes have been very keen to maximize their revenues in order to lubricate their social welfare systems. For example, the Saudi king recently pledged $130 billion in additional social spending, which equates to about two-thirds of the country's approximately $200 billion in oil export revenue in 2010. As a result, the price of oil that Riyadh needs to balance its budget is expected to increase from $68 per barrel in 2010 to $110 per barrel in 2015. Other regional governments have also increased their social spending recently and thus the implicit breakeven price for their oil. While the Saudis, alongside other countries with large energy reserves and small populations, have historically sought relatively moderate oil prices, it's likely that they will now demand a higher price range to help satisfy their newfound dire needs for greater revenue.
Furthermore, the demand to calm a restive populace does not just lead to a greater need for revenue, but also means there will be less oil to export than there otherwise would be. This is because regimes in the region which feel threatened will need to continue to subsidize domestic fuel consumption at the same or even higher levels lest a domestic price spike create more political turmoil. This should contribute to continued, if not accelerated, growth in consumption, leaving even less oil to be exported. (The major exceptions have been Iran and Iraq, which have reduced their gasoline subsidies in recent years for different reasons.) In fact, oil-exporting countries in the Mideast have been among the leading sources of global energy consumption growth over the last decade.
While the United States cannot count on Saudi Arabia to the same extent as before, the one development in the region that can partly offset a deleterious rise in future oil prices is the recent growth in Iraq's energy sector. The least developed OPEC country, Iraq offers the greatest growth potential in oil supply over the next decade, as well as the possibility of supplying Europe and Asia with significant quantities of natural gas and liquid natural gas. A relatively stable Iraq would be an energy superpower. Its oil reserves could equal Saudi Arabia's, and its production capacity could potentially equal current Saudi capacity as well. After inking deals to scale up oil production in the country in 2009, oil companies are now investing a great deal of money in the country and Iraqi oil output is rising beyond the production range it has experienced since 2004. The country now produces about 2.7 million barrels per day and has the potential to more than double that figure in several years.
Increased oil production in Iraq, moreover, will not only benefit the U.S. and the global economy, but in the zero-sum game of the global oil market, growth in Iraq's oil and gas sector will come at the expense of Iran. Constrained by declining output volume, Iran's energy revenues can only grow significantly through higher prices, while Iraq ? after long under-utilizing its vast potential ? has the potential to advance its economy through increased oil export volume. Iranian and Iraqi production goals are therefore in direct conflict, in other words, and it is an important U.S. interest to help Iraq and hurt Iran. (Notably, Saudi Arabia might at some point significantly raise its oil production for the sole purpose of undercutting Iran, but it cannot play that role now to the same extent as before due to domestic pressures.)
The success of Iraq's oil sector, however, is by no means guaranteed. To ensure continued production and export growth, the country's challenge ? beyond maintaining political stability and security ? is to expand and secure its existing oil export routes to Turkey and the Persian Gulf, as well as to diversify into new routes that can serve both Asian and Western markets. Indeed, diversification of exports is essential to Iraq's energy security, as well as that of the global economy. The Iraqis, in principle, appear to understand this, but they seem to be going about some of it the wrong way. For instance, Baghdad signed a memorandum of understanding with Damascusto build a new export line through Syria, which makes little sense: More crude oil can be shipped to the Mediterranean by expanding the Turkish pipeline, while the real demand growth is coming from Asia. A Syrian line would also seem counter to Iraq's strategic interests, given that Syria has been a transit point for jihadists entering into Iraq over the years. It would also undermine U.S. strategic interests, since an export pipeline would offer greater revenue to the Assad regime and help it stay afloat amid severe domestic unrest. Instead, Iraq should build an export pipeline to the Red Sea in Aqaba, Jordan, an alternative that offers an opportunity to export oil both to Asia, where demand is growing, and to Europe and the United States.
The Obama administration can help Iraq achieve greater energy security. It should discourage Baghdad from pursuing a Syrian pipeline and encourage the building of a Jordanian line. The administration should also discuss with Iraq the importance of the U.S. Fifth Fleet continuing to play its role beyond this year in helping protect Iraq's offshore oil export terminals ? through which most of Iraq's oil exports flow ? until the country's navy is strong enough to do so alone. Whatever the United States can do to support and secure Iraq's energy growth will not only facilitate Iraq's economic development, but will also bolster U.S. economic and strategic objectives.
Of course, it's impossible to predict exactly how the Arab awakening and Iran's nuclear program will develop. But as matters stand today, both developments will have negative short- and long-term impacts on the U.S. energy security. Yet, by helping Iraq's energy sector to grow securely, the United States can mitigate a portion of these unfavorable trends while bolstering a crucial ally in the region.
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