Structural Engineering Jobs: Interviewing Basics

As a graduate working to get a structural engineering job, there are several steps to follow that will help you position yourself as a top ranking candidate.

Understand the Job

Prospective jobs in civil and structural engineering are holding steady or even on the rise.?Driven by recent government initiatives, green energy and environmental protection efforts, candidates should find an ample amount of employment opportunities.

As a branch of civil engineering, structural engineering offers a diverse number of applications.?A majority of the work is design-based, working with architects to design and build buildings, bridges, tunnels, towers, etc., although inspections can also be part of the job. The engineer makes sure the structure will stand up under normal and extreme circumstances.?Structural engineers are also needed for demolition and repair projects. It?s important to remember engineers hold the lives of others in their hands. It?s an enormous responsibility but can be extremely gratifying as well.

Salary for structural engineers varies with experience and by location.?Recent graduates can expect to earn around $50-60K annually.?The average salary is roughly $80K while a highly experienced engineer may earn more than $120K.?Most engineers also receive attractive benefits packages complete with retirement plans, healthcare coverage, paid time off, and insurance options.

Have The Right Background

Core engineering skills are gained through a four-year program at an accredited university.?After passing a formal examination the engineer achieves a chartered Structural Engineer status.?With this degree, employment is achievable, however it is highly recommended to get a master?s degree in structural engineering as soon as possible to gain career advancement as soon as possible.

Other skills can greatly help an aspiring engineer secure a job. Engineering requires the ability to interact with other technical and non-technical professionals as well as clients. Communication, sales ability, time management, and problem resolution skills are a must to achieve success.

Apply To Firms With A Good Fit

A good type of firm to select when entering the workforce is a firm with a wide range of projects to provide a strong base of structural engineering background. It provides exposure to many different types of projects as well as the various phases throughout.

If you already have interest in a specific type of structural engineering you want to focus on, look for those firms with experience in those areas. Specialties can be defined in many ways including:

• Materials:?brick, concrete, steel, etc.
• Structure types:?shopping centers, pipelines, industrial plants, mechanical plants, chemical plants, roofs, towers, churches, etc.
• External influences:?earthquake, fire, wind, etc.

Prepare For The Interview

Preparation is the most crucial step in succeeding in the interview process.?Research of the firm you are interviewing with is essential. Study their website, look at corporate mission and goals, examine prior projects, gain an understanding of the firm?s specialties, and try to understand their design/build or project management philosophy.?Then make a list of questions you?d like to know more about and bring that list with you to the interview.

Also review the firm?s recruitment literature to ascertain what skills they are looking for in an employee.?Be prepared with examples that prove you have the skills listed.?Although you can?t possibly prepare for every technical question that may be thrown at you, brush up on the fundamentals.

In general, to succeed in an interview, put yourself in the interviewer?s shoes.?How can you make their firm better??Why are you interested in structural engineering??Why do you want to work for their firm??Craft good responses to these questions before you walk into the interview.

Showcase Your Talent At The Interview

Most firms are looking for three main things in a structural engineer:

1. Analytical problem solving
2. Ability to work effectively on multi-disciplinary teams
3. Good communication with (often non-technical) clients

As you can see, two of the three involve the ability to communicate. Effective engineers must be able to ask questions and understand answers.?The interview is your stage to prove to potential employers that you have this skill.?Be conversational and show your enthusiasm.?Interviewers want to see the real you, not a scripted one.

You should be prepared to answer fundamental technical questions but it?s unlikely you will be asked anything beyond basic concepts.?Typically what they are trying to understand is your thought process and how you solve problems.?If you don?t know the answer, say so.?It?s better than guessing wrong.

Show interest in the firm by asking questions from a list you generated in preparation for the interview and don?t be shy to ask about more personal topics as well:

• What graduate training and professional development programs are available?
• Describe a typical day on the job.
• If it?s a new city, ask what it?s like living in the area.

These questions show that you are genuinely interested in the job and are seriously considering the practicalities of taking it.

Photo Credit: Shutterstock

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Federer's conqueror loses in 3rd round letdown

Sergiy Stakhovsky of Ukraine plays a return to Jurgen Melzer of Austria during their Men's second round singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships in Wimbledon, London, Friday, June 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Sang Tan)

Sergiy Stakhovsky of Ukraine plays a return to Jurgen Melzer of Austria during their Men's second round singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships in Wimbledon, London, Friday, June 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Sang Tan)

Kaia Kanepi of Estonia reacts as she defeats Angelique Kerber of Germany in a Women's second round singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships in Wimbledon, London, Friday, June 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

Angelique Kerber of Germany fails to play a return to Kaia Kanepi of Estonia in their Women's second round singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships in Wimbledon, London, Friday, June 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Sang Tan)

David Ferrer of Spain Roberto reacts after winning the 3rd set against Bautista Agut of Spain in a Men's second round singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships in Wimbledon, London, Friday, June 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth)

David Ferrer of Spain plays a return to Roberto Bautista Agut of Spain in their Men's second round singles match at the All England Lawn Tennis Championships in Wimbledon, London, Friday, June 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth)

LONDON (AP) ? The player who stunned Roger Federer in one of Wimbledon's greatest upsets didn't stick around much longer.

Two days after eliminating the seven-time champion on Centre Court, Sergiy Stakovsky fell to Jurgen Melzer in four sets Friday in the third round at the All England Club.

The 116th-ranked Ukrainian couldn't reproduce the serve-and-volley magic that stifled Federer, losing 6-2, 2-6, 7-5, 6-3 to the left-handed Austrian.

Advancing to the third round were fourth-seeded David Ferrer and No. 13 Tommy Haas. No. 15 Nicolas Almagro was knocked out by Poland's Jerzy Janowicz.

Among the women, No. 7 Angelique Kerber became the sixth player among the top-10 seeds to go out.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2013-06-28-TEN-Wimbledon/id-a6591362f40d442a9e635c71839e7a40

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Microsoft to crowdsource Windows 8.1 security, offers $100k bounties

Description
The crowdsourcing challenge starts with the upcoming 8.1 release of Windows, will offer an additional US$50 000 ?Defense Bonus? to those cunning hackers who can outline new ways of defending against similar weaknesses from being exploited in the future. Microsoft will also fork over up to US$11 000 for security flaws in the preview version of Internet Explorer 11.

SOURCE LINK to full article:http://memeburn.com/2013/06/microsoft-to-crowdsource-windows-8-1-security-with-100k-bounties/

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/CrowdsourcingEngagementFeed/~3/4F1kAN9ljPo/26859

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EastGroup Properties - Latin Business Today

27 Jun, 2013

JACKSON, Miss., June 27, 2013 /PRNewswire/ ? ;EastGroup Properties, Inc. (NYSE: EGP) announced today that its Southridge Commerce Park in Orlando, Florida, was recently honored by the commercial real estate industry with The Outstanding Building of the Year? (TOBY) Award in the Industrial Office Building category. The award was presented at the 2013 Every Building Conference & Expo, June 23-25, 2013, in San Diego, California.

(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20030519/EGPLOGO )

Southridge Commerce Park contains over 1.2 million square feet and twelve buildings and is located in Orlando Central Park along the Beachline Expressway between John Young Parkway and the Florida Turnpike.

EastGroup?s World Houston International Business Center 23 in Houston, Texas, won the Southwest Region TOBY competition and was also a contender for the coveted International Award.

The BOMA International TOBY? Awards recognize excellence in office building management and operations worldwide. To win the international award, the office building first won both local and regional competitions. Judging was based on community impact, tenant/employee relations programs, energy management systems, accessibility for disabled people, emergency evacuation procedures, building personnel training programs, and overall quality indicators. A team of industry professionals also conducted a comprehensive building inspection.

The Outstanding Building of the Year (TOBY) Awards are sponsored by Kimberly-Clark Professional.

About BOMA International
The Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) International is a federation of 93 BOMA U.S. associations, BOMA Canada and its 11 regional associations and 13 BOMA international affiliates. ; Founded in 1907, BOMA represents the owners and managers of all commercial property types including nearly 10 billion square feet of U.S. office space that supports 3.7 million jobs and contributes $205 billion to the U.S. GDP. Its mission is to advance the interests of the entire commercial real estate industry through advocacy, education, research, standards and information. ; Find BOMA online at www.boma.org. ;

EastGroup Properties, Inc. is a self-administered equity real estate investment trust focused on the development, acquisition and operation of industrial properties in major Sunbelt markets throughout the United States with an emphasis in the states of Florida, Texas, Arizona, California and North Carolina. ; Its strategy for growth is based on its property portfolio orientation toward premier business distribution facilities clustered near major transportation features. ; EastGroup?s portfolio currently includes over 33 million square feet. ; ; ;

EastGroup Properties, Inc. press releases are available at www.eastgroup.net.

SOURCE EastGroup Properties, Inc.

Source: http://latinbusinesstoday.com/2013/06/eastgroup-properties-southridge-commerce-park-wins-commercial-real-estates-top-honor/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=eastgroup-properties-southridge-commerce-park-wins-commercial-real-estates-top-honor

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Ha-Neul Kim leads US Women's Open after 1 round

SOUTHAMPTON, N.Y. (AP) ? Ha-Neul Kim saw friend Inbee Park after the world's top-ranked player took the lead in the morning session at the U.S. Women's Open.

Kim, with an afternoon tee time playing the major for the first time, wondered, "Wow, how did she shoot that score?"

Then Kim went out Thursday and shot one stroke better, finishing with a bogey-free, 6-under 66 to take the first-round lead at Sebonack.

Park is trying to make history by winning the first three majors of the year. For a day at least, she was upstaged by a much less-heralded fellow South Korean.

"I'm enjoying myself," Kim said through a translator. "I'm just happy to be here and to be playing in this big event. I'm not really thinking about winning or results but enjoying the moment."

Currently a member of the KLPGA Tour, Kim is a seven-time winner in South Korea. She kept giving herself short birdie putts Thursday and making them.

Kim birdied her second-to-last hole with daylight waning to claim the lead after Park held it for most of the day with her 67 in the morning session.

No player has won the first three majors in a season with at least four majors. The 2008 U.S. Women's Open champion, Park has already won five times this year, including her last two tournaments.

American Lizette Salas, Swedes Caroline Hedwall and Anna Nordqvist and South Korea's I.K. Kim shot 68.

Concerned about bad weather, tournament officials moved up the tees, and with the rain holding off, Park was able to play aggressively.

"I never had practiced from those tees, so I was a little bit shocked when I went to the tees," Park said.

Not that she was complaining.

She repeatedly set up short putts, and the way she has excelled in her short game lately, Park was headed to a low score.

"So instead of hitting like 5-irons, we were hitting 9-irons, and that was making the course much easier," she said. "I was actually able to go for some pins and give myself a lot of opportunities today. I made a lot of putts and didn't leave much out there."

Starting on No. 10, Park birdied her first hole, then started racking up pars. She made the turn at 2 under before birdies on three of her next four holes.

At 5 under, Park briefly struggled with her tee shots, needing to save par on Nos. 5 and 7. On No. 6, her 15th hole of the day, she had to lay up out of the tall grass and settled for her lone bogey.

Park got back to 5 under on the par-5 eighth with a chip shot to about 5 feet that set up a birdie putt.

Hedwall and I.K. Kim were each at 5 under with a hole left, but closed with bogeys. Nordqvist birdied her last two holes to pull into the tie for third.

The two Swedes grew up playing together.

"Certainly seeing her shooting 4 under in the morning session gave me a little bit of inspiration for the afternoon," Nordqvist said.

Salas, a 23-year-old former Southern California star, played with Park in the last group of the final round of this year's Kraft Nabisco Championship. Three strokes back starting the day, she opened with a double bogey and tumbled to 25th after shooting a 79.

She bounced back to reach a playoff at the LPGA Lotte Championship in April, losing to Suzann Pettersen for her best finish on tour.

"I'm just getting a lot more used to being in contention and really studying the leaderboard and really managing my patience," Salas said. "I think that's been key for me this week. Yes, I still get nervous on the first tee and my hands keep shaking, but I just know that if I just trust myself and trust my instincts, I can perform out here."

Chile's Paz Echeverria, a 28-year-old LPGA Tour rookie also making her U.S. Women's Open debut, and Canada's Maude-Aimee Leblanc shot 69.

Among eight players at 70 was Natalie Gulbis, who withdrew from a tournament and missed two others earlier this year because of malaria. Infected by a mosquito during the LPGA Thailand in late February, she returned for the Kraft Nabisco in early April. Gulbis hasn't finished better than 13th since, missing the cut at the LPGA Championship.

Defending champion Na Yeon Choi, second-ranked Stacy Lewis and amateurs Kyung Kim and Brooke Henderson were among 11 players at 71.

Lydia Ko, the 16-year-old New Zealand amateur who won the Canadian Open last August to become the youngest LPGA Tour winner, had a 72. Juli Inkster, playing in a record-breaking 34th U.S. Women's Open at age 53, holed a 103-yard wedge shot for eagle on the 18th to also finish at 72.

Michelle Wie opened her round with a quadruple-bogey 8 on No. 10. She was at 11 over through 14 holes before birdies on three of the last four to finish with an 80.

With Park's two major titles to start the year, South Koreans have won four straight majors. But Ha-Neul Kim was an unlikely representative to lead after the first round of this tournament.

"I was very nervous coming in, and I thought in the practice round that the course was very difficult," she said. "Before playing today I thought that even par would be a very good score for me."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/neul-kim-leads-us-womens-open-1-round-003932677.html

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Adobe Acquires Conversational Marketing Platform Neolane For $600M In Cash To Bolster Its Marketing Cloud

Adobe today announced that it has acquired Neolane, a conversational marketing company with an annual revenue of just under $60 million, in a transaction that’s worth $600 million in cash. Neolane was founded in 2001 and is currently headquartered in Paris, France, with offices around Europe, North America and Asia. The company’s customers include the likes of Accor Hotels, Alcatel-Lucent, IKEA, Samsung, Sony and Dior. For Adobe, which is putting quite a few resources into its Marketing Cloud, this acquisition adds a new piece to its feature lineup. Adobe does offer Adobe Social, which provides a number of social media-tracking and analysis tools. Neolane’s feature lineup, however, is far larger and includes tools like handling leads, marketing resource management, high-volume email marketing campaigns and a real-time offer recommendation engine for personalized, one-to-one messages.?Neolane, Adobe says, will become the sixth solution in the Marketing Cloud, joining its existing Analytics,?Target,?Social, Experience?Manager?and Media?Optimizer?offerings. Last year, Neolane raised a $27 million funding round led by?Battery Ventures?with participation by?Auriga Partners and XAnge Private Equity. ?The?acquisition?of?Neolane?brings critical?cross-channel?campaign?managementcapabilities?to the?Adobe Marketing?Cloud,??said?Brad?Rencher,?senior?vice?presidentand?general?manager?of Adobe?s?Digital?Marketing?business in a canned statement today. ?Adobe?has long?been the trusted?partner?to?creative?professionals?and?we?are?now?extending?our?lead?in?the digital marketing?space?with?the?addition?of?Neolane. From?campaign?creation?through planning, execution?and?optimization,?Adobe?technology?is?driving?the?entire?marketing?process.?

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/P82IKZm66XY/

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Texas state senator Wendy Davis filibusters her way to Democratic stardom (Washington Post)

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Fracking critics unhappy with Obama climate speech

PITTSBURGH (AP) -- President Barack Obama's speech this week on climate change forcefully rejected some key arguments made by opponents of natural gas fracking, upsetting some environmental groups that otherwise back his climate goals.

Obama, in his address Tuesday calling for urgent action to address climate change, praised what he called "cleaner-burning natural gas" and its role in providing safe, cheap power that he said can also help reduce U.S. carbon dioxide emissions.

Regulators in many states with heavy new drilling activity say fracking, a colloquial term for hydraulic fracturing, is being done safely and is essentially similar to the hundreds of thousands of oil and gas wells that have been drilled all over the nation.

The drilling boom has reduced oil and gas imports and generated billions of dollars for companies and landowners. Many scientists and environmental groups also agree with Obama's main point: that while there are some negative effects from natural gas, burning coal is far worse for the environment and public health. There's no dispute that natural gas burns far cleaner than coal, but its main component, methane, is a potent heat-trapping gas.

Some environmental groups advocate a total rejection of all fossil fuels and an all-out effort to switch to renewables such as wind turbines and solar panels. They also say people living close to drilling operations have suffered from too much pollution.

"When it comes to natural gas, the president is taking the wrong path," Deb Nardone, the head of the Sierra Club's Beyond Natural Gas program, wrote in a blog post.

Robert Howarth, a Cornell University professor who argues that methane leaks from drilling negate other climate benefits of gas, said in an email to The Associated Press that he is "extremely disappointed in the President's position" and said the support for natural gas "is very likely to do more to aggravate global change than to help solve it."

Not so, Obama said.

Advances in drilling, the president said, have "helped drive our carbon pollution to its lowest levels in nearly 20 years," and "we'll keep working with the industry to make drilling safer and cleaner, to make sure that we're not seeing methane emissions."

"These critics seem to think that when we ask our businesses to innovate and reduce pollution and lead, they can't or they won't do it," Obama added, mentioning that taking lead out of gasoline and the phase-out of ozone-depleting gases were examples of the industry making needed changes.

The Sierra Club and some activists argue that fracking comes with unacceptable levels of air and water pollution and that "no state has adequate protections in place."

Obama disagreed.

"The old rules may say we can't protect our environment and promote economic growth at the same time," Obama said. "Don't tell folks that we have to choose between the health of our children or the health of our economy."

Critics have also claimed that the fracking boom just makes a few energy companies rich, and that average Americans get few benefits. But Obama responded by saying "The bottom line is natural gas is creating jobs. It's lowering many families' heat and power bills."

Some environmental groups agree with Obama's position that switching from coal-fired power to natural gas has helped reduce emissions and protect the environment.

The Breakthrough Institute, an Oakland, Calif., think tank, said in a report released Wednesday that despite problems and legitimate concerns over fracking, the gas industry has "a far smaller impact on mortality and disease, landscapes, waterways, air pollution, and local communities than coal mining and coal burning."

"Natural gas is a net environmental benefit at local, regional, national, and global levels," the Breakthrough report said.

One Pennsylvania Democrat jumped to endorse Obama's fracking plan. Gas from the Marcellus Shale formation there has led to a huge surge in drilling and production over the last five years.

Sen. Bob Casey said he plans to introduce legislation to place more natural gas fueling stations along Interstate highways. Casey said the plan could "help reduce emissions and create jobs."

But some other Democrats were silent. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo is trying to decide whether to allow fracking to begin in a small part of his state and is facing heavy opposition from some groups.

Cuomo had no immediate comment Thursday about the speech but said his decision will be based on New York state's own health report and data from Pennsylvania's experience.

Industry groups welcomed Obama's strong support for gas.

"We are pleased to see that President Obama's climate action plan recognizes natural gas as a key component of America's clean energy future," Don Santa, the president the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America, said in a statement.

At the core of Obama's plan are new controls on new and existing power plants that emit carbon dioxide, a heat-trapping gas blamed largely for global warming. Coal-fired power plants would be under the most pressure, since they emit far more pollution than ones that burn natural gas.

The program also will boost renewable energy production on federal lands, increase efficiency standards and prepare communities to deal with higher temperatures. Obama called for the U.S. to be a global leader in the search for solutions to climate change.

___

Follow Kevin Begos at https://twitter.com/kbegos

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fracking-critics-unhappy-obama-climate-194620419.html

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HTC 8XT with Windows Phone and BoomSound launching on Sprint this summer

HTC's bone-shaking BoomSound front facing speakers are making their way to Windows Phone later this year. The 8XT, which appears to be a slightly tweaked variant of last year's 8S, will launch on Sprint's 4G LTE network for $99.99 with a two-year contract -- after a $50 rebate card. Powered by a 1.4 GHz dual-core Snapdragon 400 processor paired up with 1GB of RAM, we want to say the 8XT has the same 4.3 inch 720p screen as its older cousin, but the spec sheet in our hands merely says "crisp". The front of the phone has a 1.6-megapixel camera, while the rear has an 8-megapixel shooter. You'll also have to make do with 8GB of memory for your music, but microSD expansion means you can easily make room for more.

Update: We can now confirm the 8XT has a 800 x 480 pixel resolution screen.

Gallery: HTC 8XT press images

Filed under: Cellphones, HTC

Comments

Source: Sprint, HTC

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/06/26/htc-8xt-sprint/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

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'Game of Thrones': 10 characters you might overlook

While we all wait impatiently for Season 4 of HBO's dramatization of George R.R. Martin's "Game of Thrones" series, let's take a few moments to consider some of the minor characters who have done big things in their supporting roles. Who knows if one of them might not hold the future in his or her hands?

- Casey Lee,?Contributor

1. Lancel Lannister

Lancel was King Robert's squire and often prey to the King's temper and mood swings. He is close to his cousin Cersei and was responsible for making sure that Robert was drunk when hunting. Because of his inebriation, King Robert was unable to fend off a charging boar and he died from the wounds he sustained. Thus, Lancel is largely responsible for the whole mess of Season 3!

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/bBUuOdTKNek/Game-of-Thrones-10-characters-you-might-overlook

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Archaeologists unearth Tuscaloosa's early history

June 26, 2013 ? University of Alabama archaeologists are getting a glimpse of what life in Tuscaloosa might have been like more than 180 years ago. From bottles and porcelain pieces to soil and flotation samples taken from privies, or outhouses, the analysts are discovering many "stories" of Tuscaloosa's past.

For the past two months, UA's Office of Archaeological Research has been analyzing artifacts found at the former City Fest lot, located on the corner of University Boulevard and Greensboro Avenue. The University was contracted by the City of Tuscaloosa to perform an archaeological investigation per federal guidelines in preparation for construction of a new Embassy Suites hotel.

Beginning in January, project director Brandon Thompson and his team began investigating the "Bank of the State site." In February, they stripped the remaining parking lot and exposed some "incredible" features, including many foundation remains from buildings that date back to before 1820, said Matt Gage, director of the Office of Archaeological Research.

Initial occupation of the site dates to 1816 when Revolutionary War veteran John Click built a log cabin on the property. However, he never got a deed to the property and lost it to John McKee in 1823. McKee was the Cherokee, Chickasaw and Choctaw agent at the time, as well as a land surveyor, and he had helped lay out the city of Tuscaloosa, Gage said.

Over the years, the property was home to numerous businesses, including Augustin Lynch's cabinet manufactory. Known as one of the most important Antebellum furniture makers of the time, Gage said Lynch provided furniture for the Capitol building -- at the time located only a few blocks to the west -- and for some of the early University of Alabama buildings.

He also created ivory billiard balls and sold them to people in Washington, D.C. Gage said they discovered ivory on the site, as well as rusted tools such as saw blades and drills.

The Bank of the State was built on the property in 1829, and Gage said they found some beautiful decorative pieces from that building, as well as a few Spanish coins. The coins are reales minted in Brazil, Guatemala City and Mexico City. The coins were found in pits containing British gun flints and early bottles closer to where Click's log cabin had been, so Gage predicted they were either associated with traders coming through Tuscaloosa or early dealings with the Bank of the State.

"In the early 1800s, foreign currency was used as frequently as coinage minted in the country," he said. "There were so few mints in the U.S. at the time, any currency of monetary value made of gold, silver or copper was given value and could be exchanged as easily as currency minted in the U.S."

The property also housed an ice factory, numerous shanties and other dwellings, a hotel and the Drish building, which was initially used as a warehouse and then a Civil War prisoner-of-war facility. Artifacts discovered included various bottles (including those that held food, as well as drink and medicine), buttons, porcelain pieces, printing press letters, early smoking pipes, architectural elements from the buildings and more.

A gold mine for archaeologists when it comes to historical sites are wells and privies, said Gage, and they found several on this site, including some that had been used by the Union soldiers housed at the Civil War prison. Using soil and flotation samples from the privies, analysts can determine everything from what individuals were eating to how they were being treated, he added.

"It's just a wealth of information," Gage said.

"Tuscaloosa has a very rich history. When you think of the early history of Tuscaloosa, even though the state capitol was here, you still figure that it was a small little enclave, people going about their lives with a predominant lifestyle involving agriculture, but commerce is a major aspect of this block," Gage said.

"There are so many elements of this site that provide a fantastic glimpse of the past and knowing that past is incredibly important. You can never know who or what you are without knowing your history."

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/ZyVP4IbLVDc/130626153902.htm

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Don Porter Swinging for the Fences | The Sport Digest

Don Porter has served as president of the International Softball Federation (ISF) since 1987, and has been re-elected five times since then.?Prior to that he served as the first Secretary-General of the ISF in 1965.

Softball has a joint bid with baseball to be included in the 2020 Olympic Games. Their bid survived the cut at the SportAccord Convention in May and they will compete against wrestling and squash for Olympic recognition in September.

Porter, who has served on the United States Sports Academy?s Board of Visitors, has also served as the first secretary general of the World Games and he currently chairs SportAccord?s (formerly GAISF) ?Sporting Goods To Go? (SGTG) program and SportAccord Awards Commission.

When did you join ISF and what was your biggest challenge when you walked through the door?

I joined the ISF back in the early 1960s when the federation was first being formed to develop softball internationally. So I?ve been involved for quite some time and really I have had an opportunity to see our sport grow from a recreation playground sport in the USA, to a worldwide, global sport. I am very pleased to be involved in that aspect of our game.

I was elected as president in 1987 and the sport has developed very well. It has expanded from about 30-40 countries at that time to up to 80-85.

Softball has merged with baseball to bid for the 2020 Olympics. You are still in the running after the SportAccord Convention, how happy are you with the outcome and are you confident?

We are very excited and overwhelmed at the process at the SportAccord Convention. You never know what the result might be until you hear. Our whole team who were there for the presentations to the IOC Executive Board were all very emotional and I think that can be said for all the other sports. We look forward now to a new campaign and we are cautiously optimistic about it. We have a tough road ahead with two really good sports in wrestling and squash competing against us. We have really got to work hard and we will make every effort to get our sport back onto the Olympic program.

What part of the bid do you think particularly impressed the IOC?

Overall it was the idea that the two sports coming together as one, with two disciplines and the opportunity to really show some added value that we can bring to the Olympics. Professional baseball brings a strong commercial side and there is also the ability to bring women into the Games. There are a number of things that we think represent a good case to bring baseball and softball back into the Olympic program.

Those aspects you mentioned, do you think you have that more than wrestling and squash?

I would not say we have it more so as those sports have their own opportunities to develop what they are going to present and I think we are all trying to convince the majority of the IOC members that we should be back in the Olympics.

How important is it for the sport to be in the Olympics?

It is very important because we want to continue to develop our sports in a lot of countries. There are still a lot of countries where baseball/softball aren?t played. We want to open doors and get young people, girls and boys, to be able to learn and play our sport. The opportunity is there but especially if you are in the Olympics. We are excited about the opportunity.

Would the two sports stay merged if you are not successful in September? Is there a plan in place if you do not receive the answer you are looking for?

We are going to continue to work together because we think that is the best way forward for the two disciplines. We are not going to give up and we still have a lot of things we want to achieve. Like I said there are a lot of countries we want to open up to and give their young children a chance to play our sport. But it does help if you have Olympic recognition because it opens doors that you wouldn?t have if you are not in the Olympics.

If you are successful, what is the vision for the sport in 2020? How will it be different to the separate baseball & softball events at Beijing 2008?

It will be a lot different. We have already made changes and we will continue to make changes in both disciplines that will make them more interesting and attractive, both to the spectator and the media. We are going to make sure the timings of the two games fit in the window for television and we have some ideas on changes that will make our sport really attractive from several different stand points. We have been and will continue to work on these to improve our sports.

What?s next for the bid? How will you push on to the decision date in September?

We are getting our team from SportAccord back together shortly and we will bring all the members of the World Baseball and Softball Confederation (WBSC) together to get any suggestions and ideas and find the way that is going to get the IOC?s attention. We have a very strong and positive bid and I think it will bring real added value to the Olympic program.

You are also the co-president of the WBSC. Was that solely formed for the 2020 bid?

For several years after we were dropped from the Olympic program, we began to assess the best way of getting back into the Olympics. We felt that working together would give us more opportunities and the resources that are needed to do that. There will be a lot of support from the professional leagues, not only Major League Baseball (MLB) but the ones in China, Japan, Korea, Mexico and all the professional leagues. We think that will open the door to the commercial side that will help us promote and develop our sport.

You?ve had popular figures like Jennie Finch backing the bid. How important is it to have well-known athletes support you?

It is very important. Jennie is a great representative of softball and we have many fine female athletes. They have just concluded the College Women?s World Series in Oklahoma City which brings together all the great college teams in the U.S. which have many foreign players as well. We have a lot of athletes who are doing commentary on television and that shows they are really good as athletes and as professionals. We just had a meeting with a number of our athletes and they are very solidly behind our bid. We are going to continue that effort and try to get the attention we need to be successful in September.

You had the ISF Men?s World Championship in New Zealand this year, which marked the third time the event had been in the country. How important is New Zealand as a market for you and what countries and continents do you want to expand to?

The Men?s World Championship in Auckland was very successful. We had great attendances and competition and we are very pleased with it. We will continue to have men?s softball in our sport as we go along. Our Junior Women?s competition is coming up next month in Canada and then the World Games and World Masters Games so we have a number of events to look forward to this year.

New Zealand has always been very involved, not only competitively but by providing leadership in our sport. They have been very successful in both men and women?s softball and we continue to rely on them, especially in hosting events. They always do an excellent job in organizing and hosting a lot of our championships.

2014 sees the Women?s event head to the Netherlands, which is the first time either men?s or women?s world championship has been staged in Europe. Is Europe a big challenge for softball?

We are really excited about that. It is the first time we have had the senior women?s championship in Europe, we had a junior championship in the Netherlands in 2006 but this is the first time for the seniors. Europe is a big challenge and that is why we want to see more events in that part of the world. We have over 35 national federations in Europe and they are working really hard to make the sport competitive. We are even working for indoor softball, or what we call arena softball, to be played in a number of locations in Europe and Asia to allow Muslim female athletes play the sport.

Is that quite a ground-breaking move?

It really is. We have got them playing in Iran, Pakistan and Iraq and we want to make the opportunity wider for Muslim women to play sport. We understand there are some issues with public participation and we want to find ways that will enable them to play. We think that arena softball may just be it and we are excited about that.

What sort of time frame do you have on this?

We are in contact with a number of National Olympic Committees, showing them the opportunity. With arena softball we can use a number of different facilities, especially when there are no outdoor facilities or weather issues in certain countries. It allows us to expand our sport from the outdoor version to indoor and we see that as something that will develop our sport, not only in the Middle East, but in other parts of the world too.

How difficult is it for sports like Softball to compete with American Football and basketball for broadcast hours?

It is difficult because there is only so much time. This past week though all the games from our College Women?s World Series were televised on ESPN, which is very exciting. In July we are going to have the World Cup of softball, again in Oklahoma City and that will be televised nationally and internationally on ESPN.

Do you think online streaming and social media are the way forward for federations like ISF and WBSC?

I think that?s really important. Nowadays that is the thing that gets a lot of interest developed and a lot of people can find out about what is going on in the world and especially in sport. We are doing a lot with social media on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and we run a lot of our championship videos online. That can allow people to see our sport and get them involved in it.

Finally, what will be your next step if softball is included in the 2020 Games and what will be the steps to take if you are not included?

If we are included we will work to develop and expand our sport like I mentioned earlier. It will give us a fantastic opportunity to break places that we may not have been able to previously. If we aren?t included we will continue. It is important to give young girls and boys the opportunity in a lot of places around the world to play sport and especially our sport. We will continue to do that but being in the Olympic Games is advantageous to opening doors in a lot of places across the world.

This interview with International Softball Federation President Don Porter is reprinted from the World Baseball Softball Confederation Olympic Bid website.

Source: http://thesportdigest.com/2013/06/don-porter-swinging-for-the-fences/

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Migrating animals add new depth to how the ocean 'breathes'

June 24, 2013 ? The oxygen content of the ocean may be subject to frequent ups and downs in a very literal sense -- that is, in the form of the numerous sea creatures that dine near the surface at night then submerge into the safety of deeper, darker waters at daybreak.

Research begun at Princeton University and recently reported on in the journal Nature Geoscience found that animals ranging from plankton to small fish consume vast amounts of what little oxygen is available in the ocean's aptly named "oxygen minimum zone" daily. The sheer number of organisms that seek refuge in water roughly 200- to 650-meters deep (650 to 2,000 feet) every day result in the global consumption of between 10 and 40 percent of the oxygen available at these depths.

The findings reveal a crucial and underappreciated role that animals have in ocean chemistry on a global scale, explained first author Daniele Bianchi, a postdoctoral researcher at McGill University who began the project as a doctoral student of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at Princeton.

"In a sense, this research should change how we think of the ocean's metabolism," Bianchi said. "Scientists know that there is this massive migration, but no one has really tried to estimate how it impacts the chemistry of the ocean.

"Generally, scientists have thought that microbes and bacteria primarily consume oxygen in the deeper ocean," Bianchi said. "What we're saying here is that animals that migrate during the day are a big source of oxygen depletion. We provide the first global data set to say that."

Much of the deep ocean can replenish (often just barely) the oxygen consumed during these mass migrations, which are known as diel vertical migrations (DVMs).

But the balance between DVMs and the limited deep-water oxygen supply could be easily upset, Bianchi said -- particularly by climate change, which is predicted to further decrease levels of oxygen in the ocean. That could mean these animals would not be able to descend as deep, putting them at the mercy of predators and inflicting their oxygen-sucking ways on a new ocean zone.

"If the ocean oxygen changes, then the depth of these migrations also will change. We can expect potential changes in the interactions between larger guys and little guys," Bianchi said. "What complicates this story is that if these animals are responsible for a chunk of oxygen depletion in general, then a change in their habits might have a feedback in terms of oxygen levels in other parts of the deeper ocean."

The researchers produced a global model of DVM depths and oxygen depletion by mining acoustic oceanic data collected by 389 American and British research cruises between 1990 and 2011. Using the background readings caused by the sound of animals as they ascended and descended, the researchers identified more than 4,000 DVM events.

They then chemically analyzed samples from DVM-event locations to create a model that could correlate DVM depth with oxygen depletion. With that data, the researchers concluded that DVMs indeed intensify the oxygen deficit within oxygen minimum zones.

"You can say that the whole ecosystem does this migration -- chances are that if it swims, it does this kind of migration," Bianchi said. "Before, scientists tended to ignore this big chunk of the ecosystem when thinking of ocean chemistry. We are saying that they are quite important and can't be ignored."

Bianchi conducted the data analysis and model development at McGill with assistant professor of earth and planetary sciences Eric Galbraith and McGill doctoral student David Carozza. Initial research of the acoustic data and development of the migration model was conducted at Princeton with K. Allison Smith (published as K.A.S. Mislan), a postdoctoral research associate in the Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, and Charles Stock, a researcher with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/NeinHNYdfDo/130624144822.htm

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Extra Bonus Quote of the Day (Taegan Goddard's Political Wire)

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Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/314887353?client_source=feed&format=rss

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New theory: Emotions arise through the integration of perceptual and cognitive information

June 25, 2013 ? A life without feelings -- unimaginable. Although emotions are so important, philosophers are still discussing what they actually are. Prof. Dr. Albert Newen and Dr. Luca Barlassina of the Institute of Philosophy II at the Ruhr-Universit?t Bochum have drawn up a new theory. According to this, emotions are not just special cases of perception or thought but a separate kind of mental state which arises through the integration of feelings of bodily processes and cognitive contents.

They describe the model in the journal Philosophy and Phenomenological Research.

Earlier theories of emotion

Around the turn of the 20th Century, the psychologists William James and Karl Lange proposed that emotions are nothing other than perceptions of bodily states. According to the James-Lange theory, we do not tremble because we are scared, but rather we are scared because we tremble. "This theory does not, however, consider the cognitive content of many emotions," says Albert Newen. If a student is anxious about an exam, then he is experiencing this anxiety because he thinks, for example, that the exam is important and that he will have a blackout. The so-called "cognitive theory of emotions" therefore says that emotions are essentially an assessment of the situation based on reason: this dog is dangerous because he is baring his teeth. "This theory is also unsatisfactory," says Newen, "because it forgets the feelings as a central component of the emotion." A person can realistically judge that a dog is dangerous and at the same time have no fear because he is an expert in handling dangerous dogs. So the cognitive assessment does not necessarily determine the emotion.

Integrative embodiment theory of emotions

Bochum's philosophers call their new model the "integrative embodiment theory of emotions." The emotional level is -- as postulated by William James -- the central starting point. An emotion only comes into existence, however, when the perception of bodily states is integrated with other aspects. The brain has to combine at least two components here: the perception of our own bodily states in a given situation, for example trembling, and the intentional object, such as the dog, which triggers the fear. Moreover, in "cognitive" emotions, typical thought content can also play a role, for example, with regard to a bull terrier: "bull terriers are particularly strong and dangerous." The result is a separate kind of mental state, namely an emotion that we conceive as a complex pattern of distinctive characteristics.

Emotions for things that do not even exist

According to Newen and Barlassina, the new theory is also superior to Jesse Prinz's most sophisticated theory of emotions so far, because this does not take into account that an emotion can also be directed at an object that is not present or does not even exist. A case study: Karl goes with his girlfriend Antje to a new bar. Because Karl has already been served by the barkeeper Fritz, Antje waits alone at the bar. Karl hears that she is insulted, but does not see by whom. He assumes it is Fritz. In the meantime, however, Fritz has left the room and John, an employee, is at the bar. He passes the insult and then leaves immediately. When Karl comes to the bar to vent his anger at the insult, Fritz is back. Karl is angry with Fritz although the cause of his bodily states associated with the feeling of anger was the utterance by John. The cause, John, and the object of the anger, namely Fritz, do not coincide. The object of anger is also known as the intentional object of anger, because it does not have to exist. People can even experience emotions about things that aren't real, for example, fear of vampires. While all feeling theories of emotion overlook the intentional object as an essential part of the emotion, the cognitive theories do tend to forget the feeling dimension of the emotion. Only the integrative embodiment theory takes all these components into account as constitutive of the emotion.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/8d45QfySl4k/130625073819.htm

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Saints Row IV banned in Australia due to 'unjustified' evil

For every tearful accountant at Saints Row HQ, there must be a gleeful marketing person punching the air, playing mini golf and doing whatever else marketing people do when they're full of glee. Conflicted emotions aside, however, game publisher Deep Silver can now claim the notorious distinction of having its latest title, Saints Row IV, rejected outright by the Australian Classification Board (ACB). It's the first such refusal since the ACB implemented a new R18+ rating, which is meant to allow for adult themes within games but which evidently couldn't cope with Saints Row's peculiar depictions of sexual violence (which were "not justified by context") or its drug-themed reward system (which is "prohibited by the computer games guidelines"). According to The Guardian, this effectively means Saints Row IV is banned from sale in retail stores in Australia, but Joystiq has received word from Deep Silver saying it intends to create a "reworked" version of its open world game specifically for that country. Meanwhile, the regular version has been given PEGI 18 and ESRB M ratings elsewhere, and it looks to be on track for an August release date.

Filed under: Gaming

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Source: Joystiq, The Guardian

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/T198rRBAaqc/

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June 24, 1982: "The Jakarta Incident"

June 24, 1982 a Boing 747 flying from Singapore to Perth encountered a strange phenomenon in an altitude of 11.300m ? a cloud of light surrounded the airplane, then suddenly all four engines lost power without apparent reason. The pilots managed to descend slowly by gliding and were preparing for the worst ? an emergency landing on the sea ? when the engines restarted and the aircraft regained height.? The plane barely made it back to the airport of Jakarta.

Only later the cause of this bizarre incident was discovered: the increased volcanic activity of Mount Galunggung the same night sent volcanic ash more than 16 km into the sky. The volcanic ash sucked by the compressor into the engines of the plane melted in the combustion chamber, but re-solidified on the turbine blades,? clogging the jet engine. When the plane descended it left behind the almost invisible ash cloud and fortunately the solidified ash flaked off from the blades ? the engines restarted to work properly.
The strange light noted by pilots and passengers around the plane was also due the volcanic ash, as the friction with the hull of the plane electrified the ash grains, forming the haunting appearance of a St. Elmo?s fire around the aircraft.

The international aviation community was greatly alarmed by this previously unrecognized hazard for airplanes, as another airplane experienced also similar problems when crossing the ash plume of Mount Galunggung.
Estimated six eruption columns per year rise high enough to endanger air traffic and since the year 1982 80 modern jets were damaged by volcanic ash, 10 experienced the loss of engine power. Knowing of the possible disastrous effects of volcanic ash on modern jet engines in 2010 the airspace above Europe was closed in response to the ash plume coming from the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallaj?kull ? a decision harshly criticized afterwards , but as a paper published in 2011 argues, necessary.

Bibliography:

LOCKWOOD, J.P. & HAZLETT, R.W. (2010): Volcanoes ? Global Perspectives. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford: 539
SCHMINCKE, H.-U. (2004): Volcanism. Springe, Berlin-Heidelberg: 324

Source: http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=june-24-1982-the-jakarta-incident

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Tiny Tiny RSS

Tiny Tiny RSS (free) is meant for the DIY crowd. It is not an RSS feed reader that you just import all your feeds from Google Reader and be up in a matter of minutes. Tiny Tiny RSS lets you build your own RSS reader and customize the platform your way. It can easily take a couple hours to get everything set up and to tweak the UI, but if you like a little control over your RSS destiny, you will be fine. For everyone else not used to looking at code, all this may sound a little intimidating, and we recommend using G2Reader?as our Editors' Choice for RSS jean- feed readers and in particular, a replacement to Google Reader. But using Tiny Tiny RSS to build your own feed reader is still possible with a little patience.

Tiny Tiny RSS is a Web application, so you need a Web server that supports PHP and either a MySQL or PostgreSQL database. Your desktop won't do. If you happen to have a Linux server lying around, you are set. Or you can use a Web host which supports PHP and lets you install a database, such as Dreamhost or even Amazon Web Services. You will also need a domain name so that you can type www.thisismysite.com?in your Web browser to load your very own Tiny Tiny RSS. If you already have a domain name, create a subdomain, such as myrss.thisismysite.com, and you are good to go.

?

Before you can get started, you need to have PHP installed on your Web server and create the database. If you need help, you need to ask your Web host or Google because Tiny Tiny RSS assumes you know how to set up and manage a server. Once you are ready, you can grab the install archive (tarball, a .tar.gz file) from the Tiny Tiny RSS Wiki, which contains all the files you need to set up the application and the database schema. The wiki actually has a decent set of instructions for an open-source project, so you should be able to get up and running although some Googling may be required.

If you've set everything up correctly, at this point, you can point your browser to your domain and log in to your very own Tiny RSS instance. Adding new feeds is easy. Just click the Actions menu at the top right corner of the screen and select Subscribe to Feed. To remove a feed, select it on the sidebar and click on Unsubscribe in the Actions menu.

You need to go into Preferences from the Actions menu to?import the list of RSS links from Google Reader. Under the "Feed" tab on the Preferences page, there is a section marked "OPML." This is where you list the subscriptions.xml file that you exported using Google Takeout. Click on "Import my OPML," and don't worry about the fact that your file has a .xml file extension and not .opml. It will work fine.?

If you have a lot of subscriptions, though, this is gonna take a while. I had only 81 and I got bored waiting.

Slow is a recurrent theme in Tiny Tiny RSS. It took about 20 to 30 seconds to move between the main page and Preferences, and about 10 to 15 seconds whenever I clicked on something on the page, such as a tab or moving to a new folder. Part of it is because, by default, Tiny Tiny RSS updates and grabs new items when you actually click on the feed instead of doing it beforehand. But the application itself has some performance issues.

While I don't have hardware or networking equipment on par with Amazon's or Google's, mine probably? makes for a better setup than what most home users have (let's just say: a virtual machine with four CPUs at 1 GHz each and 4 GB of memory, running on a host with 32 virtual cores on a business-grade network) and it's quite capable of handling multiple Web applications. Tiny Tiny RSS is the first application to ever give me performance issues.

Even if the import returns errors, the odds are everything completed successfully. You should see all the subscriptions in the left sidebar, organized in the same way as Google Reader, folders and all. You can select the feed and click the Actions menu to see what you can do, such as edit, rename, color-code, or re-categorize. However, Tiny Tiny RSS won't automatically update the feeds. You can turn on Simple Update Mode in the configuration file to update the feeds while you are logged in, or set up an update process on the server to run the updates even when you are not on the site.?

There are some nice features, though, such as getting a daily digest of your subscriptions and all your unread stories emailed to you, scoring each feed so that "interesting" articles always float to the top of the list, or adding a note associated with the item. Since you control the code, you can use CSS to tweak the site layout and design and create users to let other people use the platform for their own RSS needs. Once installed, you can use any computer with a Web browser to access Tiny Tiny RSS. There is an Android app, but not one for iOS yet.

The current Editors' Choice G2Reader remains the only RSS feeder we've seen that can correctly import Google Alerts. If you miss the social sharing capabilities that were in the original Google Reader, you should check out The Old Reader

If you use RSS to just catch up on articles and webcomics in the morning, or spaced out during the day, the speed issues and the lack of automatic updates may not be an issue for you. But if you are using it to stay on top of news as they develop, Tiny Tiny RSS may not be the best choice. If the DIY aspects don't scare you off and you really want to replace Google Reader with a platform you control (and goes away only if you want it to), then you may want to consider looking at Commafeed, another open source platform with better performance.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/YgukuTz42_g/0,2817,2420834,00.asp

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Hong Kong lets Snowden leave, with Cuba among possible destinations

By James Pomfret

HONG KONG (Reuters) - A former contractor for the U.S. National Security Agency, charged by the United States with espionage, was allowed to leave Hong Kong on Sunday because a U.S. extradition request did not comply with the law, the Hong Kong government said.

Edward Snowden left for Moscow on Sunday and his final destination may be Cuba, Ecuador, Iceland or Venezuela, according to various reports. The move is bound to infuriate Washington, wherever he ends up.

Russia's Interfax news agency quoted a source at the Aeroflot airline as saying there was a ticket in Snowden's name for a Moscow-Cuba flight. Itar-Tass cited a source as saying Snowden would fly from Havana to the Venezuelan capital, Caracas.

The South China Morning Post said his final destination may be Ecuador or Iceland.

A spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin said he was unaware of Snowden's whereabouts or travel plans.

The WikiLeaks anti-secrecy website said it helped Snowden find "political asylum in a democratic country". It did not elaborate, other than to say Snowden was "currently over Russian airspace" with WikiLeaks legal advisers.

WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange said last week he would not leave the sanctuary of the Ecuadorean Embassy in London even if Sweden stopped pursuing sexual assault claims against him because he feared arrest on the orders of the United States.

U.S. authorities have charged Snowden with theft of U.S. government property, unauthorized communication of national defense information and wilful communication of classified communications intelligence to an unauthorized person, with the latter two charges falling under the U.S. Espionage Act.

The United States had asked Hong Kong, a special administrative region (SAR) of China, to send him home.

"The U.S. government earlier on made a request to the HKSAR government for the issue of a provisional warrant of arrest against Mr Snowden," the Hong Kong government said in a statement.

"Since the documents provided by the U.S. government did not fully comply with the legal requirements under Hong Kong law, the HKSAR government has requested the U.S. government to provide additional information ... As the HKSAR government has yet to have sufficient information to process the request for provisional warrant of arrest, there is no legal basis to restrict Mr Snowden from leaving Hong Kong."

CHINA SAYS U.S. "BIGGEST VILLAIN"

Hong Kong, a former British colony, reverted to Chinese rule in 1997 and although it retains an independent legal system, and its own extradition laws, Beijing has control over Hong Kong's foreign affairs.

Putin's spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, said earlier this month that Russia would consider granting Snowden asylum if he were to ask for it and pro-Kremlin lawmakers supported the idea, but there has been no indication he has done so.

Iceland refused on Friday to say whether it would grant asylum to Snowden, a former employee of contractor Booz Allen Hamilton who worked at an NSA facility in Hawaii.

The South China Morning Post earlier quoted Snowden offering new details about the United States' spy activities, including accusations of U.S. hacking of Chinese mobile telephone companies and targeting China's Tsinghua University.

Documents previously leaked by Snowden revealed that the NSA has access to vast amounts of internet data such as emails, chat rooms and video from large companies, including Facebook and Google, under a government program known as Prism.

The government statement said Hong Kong had written to the United States "requesting clarification" of earlier reports about the hacking of computer systems in Hong Kong by U.S. government agencies.

"The HKSAR Government will continue to follow up on the matter, so as to protect the legal rights of the people of Hong Kong," it said.

China's Xinhua news agency, referring to Snowden's accusations about the hacking of Chinese targets, said they were "clearly troubling signs".

It added: "They demonstrate that the United States, which has long been trying to play innocent as a victim of cyber attacks, has turned out to be the biggest villain in our age."

(Additional reporting by in Fayen Wong in Shanghai, Nishant Kumar in Hong Kong and Alexei Anishchuk in Moscow; Writing by Nick Macfie; Editing by Clarence Fernandez)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/former-nsa-contractor-snowden-leaves-hong-kong-moscow-080843121.html

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Getting to grips with migraine: Researchers identify some of the biological roots of migraine from large-scale genome study

June 23, 2013 ? Migraine is an extremely difficult disorder to study. Between episodes, the patient is basically healthy, making the underlying pathology very difficult to uncover. In the largest migraine study, an international team of researchers have identified genetic regions linked to the onset and susceptibility of migraine.

In the largest study of migraines, researchers have found 5 genetic regions that for the first time have been linked to the onset of migraine. This study opens new doors to understanding the cause and biological triggers that underlie migraine attacks.

The team identified 12 genetic regions associated with migraine susceptibility. Eight of these regions were found in or near genes known to play a role in controlling brain circuitries and two of the regions were associated with genes that are responsible for maintaining healthy brain tissue. The regulation of these pathways may be important to the genetic susceptibility of migraines.

Migraine is a debilitating disorder that affects approximately 14% of adults. Migraine has recently been recognized as the seventh disabler in the Global Burden of Disease Survey 2010 and has been estimated to be the most costly neurological disorder. It is an extremely difficult disorder to study because no biomarkers between or during attacks have been identified so far.

"This study has greatly advanced our biological insight about the cause of migraine," says Dr Aarno Palotie, from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. "Migraine and epilepsy are particularly difficult neural conditions to study; between episodes the patient is basically healthy so it's extremely difficult to uncover biochemical clues.

"We have proven that this is the most effective approach to study this type of neurological disorder and understand the biology that lies at the heart of it."

The team uncovered the underlying susceptibilities by comparing the results from 29 different genomic studies, including over 100,000 samples from both migraine patients and control samples.

They found that some of the regions of susceptibility lay close to a network of genes that are sensitive to oxidative stress, a biochemical process that results in the dysfunction of cells.

The team expects many of the genes at genetic regions associated with migraine are interconnected and could potentially be disrupting the internal regulation of tissue and cells in the brain, resulting in some of the symptoms of migraine.

"We would not have made discoveries by studying smaller groups of individuals," says Dr Gisela Terwindt, co-author from Leiden University Medical Centre. "This large scale method of studying over 100,000 samples of healthy and affected people means we can tease out the genes that are important suspects and follow them up in the lab."

The team identified an additional 134 genetic regions that are possibly associated to migraine susceptibility with weaker statistical evidence. Whether these regions underlie migraine susceptibility or not still needs to be elucidated. Other similar studies show that these statistically weaker culprits can play an equal part in the underlying biology of a disease or disorder.

"The molecular mechanisms of migraine are poorly understood. The sequence variants uncovered through this meta-analysis could become a foothold for further studies to better understanding the pathophysiology of migraine" says Dr K?ri Stef?nsson, President of deCODE genetics.

"This approach is the most efficient way of revealing the underlying biology of these neural disorders," says Dr Mark Daly, from the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. "Effective studies that give us biological or biochemical results and insights are essential if we are to fully get to grips with this debilitating condition.

"Pursuing these studies in even larger samples and with denser maps of biological markers will increase our power to determine the roots and triggers of this disabling disorder."

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/O-mykvzCfIg/130623144952.htm

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RolePlayGateway is a site built by a couple roleplayers who wanted to give a little something back to the roleplay community. The site has no intention of earning any profit, and is paid for out of their own pockets.

If you appreciate what they do, feel free to donate your spare change to help feed them on the weekends. After selecting the amount you want to donate from the menu, you can continue by clicking on PayPal logo.

Our Sponsors

RolePlayGateway is proudly powered by obscene amounts of caffeine, duct tape, and support from people like you. It operates under a "don't like it, suggest an improvement" platform, and we gladly take suggestions for improvements or changes.

The custom-built "roleplay" system was designed and implemented by Eric Martindale as of July 2009. All attempts to replicate or otherwise emulate this system and its method of organizing roleplay are strictly prohibited without his express written and contractual permission; violators will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.

? RolePlayGateway, LLC | with the support of LocalSense

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